What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. It is the most common type of cancer, primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Early detection and treatment are crucial for the best outcomes.

What are the Symptoms of Skin Cancer?

Symptoms of skin cancer can vary depending on the type, but common signs to look out for include:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma:
• A pearly or waxy bump on the skin.
• A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion.
• Bleeding or scabbing sores that heal and return.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
• A firm, red nodule.
• A flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.
• A sore that doesn’t heal or that heals and then reopens.
• Melanoma:
• A large brownish spot with darker speckles.
• A mole that changes in color, size, or feel or that bleeds.
• A small lesion with an irregular border and portions that appear red, pink, white, blue, or blue-black.
• Dark lesions on the palms, soles, fingertips, toes, or on mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, vagina, or anus.

How is Skin Cancer Diagnosed?

Skin cancer is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams and biopsies:

• Physical Exam: A thorough examination of the skin by a dermatologist to identify any suspicious moles or lesions.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of skin tissue to be examined under a microscope for cancer cells. Types of biopsies include shave biopsy, punch biopsy, and excisional biopsy.

What are the Common Treatments for Skin Cancer?

Treatment for skin cancer depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Skin Cancer?

Surgery aims to remove the cancerous tissue. Types of surgery include:

• Excisional Surgery: Cutting out the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy skin.
• Mohs Surgery: Removing the cancer layer by layer and examining each layer under a microscope until no abnormal cells remain.
• Curettage and Electrodesiccation: Scraping away cancer cells and using electricity to kill any remaining cells.

What is Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It is often used for cancers that are hard to treat with surgery or for patients who cannot undergo surgery.

How Does Cryotherapy Work for Skin Cancer?

Cryotherapy involves freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen, causing them to die and eventually fall off. It is typically used for small, superficial skin cancers.

What is Topical Therapy for Skin Cancer?

Topical therapy involves applying medicated creams or ointments directly to the skin cancer. These treatments may include immunotherapy drugs that stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells.

What is Chemotherapy for Skin Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. For skin cancer, it is often applied topically for superficial cancers or administered systemically for advanced cancers that have spread.

How Does Photodynamic Therapy Work for Skin Cancer?

Photodynamic therapy uses a combination of laser light and drugs to destroy cancer cells. The drug is applied to the skin and activated by the laser light, which targets and kills the cancer cells.

What are the Side Effects of Skin Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, scarring, and changes in skin appearance.
• Radiation Therapy: Side effects may include redness, swelling, and changes in skin texture.
• Cryotherapy: Temporary pain, redness, and blistering at the treatment site.
• Topical Therapy: Skin irritation, redness, and inflammation.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.
• Photodynamic Therapy: Redness, swelling, and sensitivity to light in the treated area.

What is the Prognosis for Skin Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for skin cancer patients depends on the type and stage at diagnosis. Early-stage skin cancers, particularly basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, have an excellent prognosis with appropriate treatment. Melanoma can be more serious, especially if not caught early, but advancements in treatment are improving outcomes. Regular follow-ups and skin checks are crucial for managing skin cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive skin cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against skin cancer.