What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, the organs responsible for breathing. It is one of the most common and serious types of cancer. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Each type grows and spreads differently, and treatment varies accordingly.

What are the Symptoms of Lung Cancer?

Symptoms of lung cancer can vary, and early stages often do not cause noticeable symptoms. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent cough that worsens over time
• Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
• Chest pain that is often worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss
• Shortness of breath and wheezing
• Fatigue and weakness
• Frequent respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia

How is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests, lab tests, and biopsies:

• Physical Exam: Checking for signs of cancer and assessing overall health.
• Imaging Tests: Chest X-ray, CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and bone scans to visualize the tumor and assess its spread.
• Molecular Testing: Where tissue, blood or other body fluid is reviewed for certain genes, proteins or other molecules that may be an indicator that cancer is present.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue from the lung to examine under a microscope for cancer cells. This can be done through bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.

What are the Common Treatments for Lung Cancer?

Treatment for lung cancer depends on the type, stage, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Lung Cancer?

Surgery aims to remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue. Types of surgery include:

• Wedge Resection: Removing a small section of the lung containing the tumor.
• Lobectomy: Removing one lobe of the lung.
• Pneumonectomy: Removing an entire lung.

What is Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. It is also used as the primary treatment in patients who cannot undergo surgery.

How Does Chemotherapy Work for Lung Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, or as the main treatment for advanced lung cancer.

What is Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, minimizing damage to normal cells. These therapies are often used for advanced lung cancer with specific genetic mutations.

What is Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer?

Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It can be particularly useful for advanced lung cancer and includes treatments like checkpoint inhibitors.

What are the Side Effects of Lung Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, bleeding, and complications related to lung function.
• Radiation Therapy: Common side effects are fatigue, skin irritation, nausea, and effects on nearby organs.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, increased risk of infection, and mouth sores.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and liver problems.
• Immunotherapy: Side effects can range from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe immune-related reactions, such as inflammation in various organs.

What is the Prognosis for Lung Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for lung cancer patients depends on the type and stage at diagnosis, the size and location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage lung cancer generally has a better prognosis, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced lung cancer can be more challenging to treat, but new therapies are continually improving outcomes. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial for managing lung cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive lung cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against lung cancer.