What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It often begins as noncancerous polyps, which can develop into cancer over time. Early detection through screening is crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

What are the Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer symptoms can vary and may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common symptoms include:

• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
• Blood in the stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas, or pain)
• A feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss

How is Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed?

Colorectal cancer is diagnosed through a combination of screenings and diagnostic tests:

• Colonoscopy: A thorough examination of the entire colon using a flexible camera.
• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Checks for hidden blood in the stool.
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Examines the rectum and lower colon using a flexible tube.
• CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Uses CT imaging to visualize the colon and rectum.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue during a colonoscopy to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.

What are the Common Treatments for Colorectal Cancer?

Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Colorectal Cancer?

Surgery is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer, aiming to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Types of surgery include:

• Polypectomy: Removing polyps during a colonoscopy.
• Partial Colectomy: Removing part of the colon that contains the cancer.
• Colostomy: Creating an opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall to bypass the colon, which may be temporary or permanent.

What is Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It is often used before or after surgery to shrink tumors and kill any remaining cancer cells.

How Does Chemotherapy Work for Colorectal Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to kill remaining cells, or for advanced cancer to relieve symptoms and prolong life.

What is Targeted Therapy for Colorectal Cancer?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, minimizing damage to normal cells. It is often used for advanced colorectal cancer and may be combined with chemotherapy.

What is Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer?

Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It is particularly useful for certain types of advanced colorectal cancer.

What are the Side Effects of Colorectal Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, bleeding, and complications related to bowel function.
• Radiation Therapy: Common side effects are fatigue, skin irritation, diarrhea, and bowel or bladder issues.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and high blood pressure.
• Immunotherapy: Side effects can range from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe immune-related reactions.

What is the Prognosis for Colorectal Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for colorectal cancer patients depends on the stage at diagnosis, the size and location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage colorectal cancer has a high survival rate, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced colorectal cancer can be more challenging to treat, but new therapies are continually improving outcomes. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial for managing colorectal cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive colorectal cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against colorectal cancer.