What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most often caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Early detection through regular screening is crucial for effective treatment.

What are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer?

In its early stages, cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the disease progresses, common symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause)
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pain during intercourse
• Pelvic pain

How is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed?

Cervical cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of:

• Pap Smear (Pap Test): Detects precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix.
• HPV Test: Identifies the presence of high-risk types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.
• Colposcopy: A detailed examination of the cervix using a magnifying instrument to identify abnormal areas.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of cervical tissue to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.

What are the Common Treatments for Cervical Cancer?

Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Cervical Cancer?

Surgery aims to remove the cancerous tissue and may include:

• Conization: Removing a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix.
• Hysterectomy: Removing the cervix and uterus, sometimes including surrounding tissues and lymph nodes.

What is Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. It can be delivered externally or internally (brachytherapy).

How Does Chemotherapy Work for Cervical Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is often used in combination with radiation therapy to enhance effectiveness.

What is Targeted Therapy for Cervical Cancer?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, minimizing damage to normal cells. It is often used for advanced cervical cancer.

What is Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer?

Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It can be particularly useful for treating advanced cervical cancer that has spread.

What are the Side Effects of Cervical Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, bleeding, and complications related to reproductive and urinary functions.
• Radiation Therapy: Common side effects are fatigue, skin changes, and effects on nearby organs leading to issues like diarrhea or bladder irritation.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include high blood pressure, liver problems, and skin rashes.
• Immunotherapy: Side effects can range from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe immune-related reactions, such as inflammation in various organs.

What is the Prognosis for Cervical Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for cervical cancer patients depends on the stage at diagnosis, the size of the tumor, and whether the cancer has spread. Early-stage cervical cancer has a high survival rate, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced cervical cancer can be more challenging to treat but may still respond well to a combination of therapies. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial for managing cervical cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive cervical cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against cervical cancer.