What is Lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s germ-fighting network. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow. Lymphoma can affect these areas as well as other organs throughout the body. There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

What are the Symptoms of Lymphoma?

Symptoms of lymphoma can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Common symptoms include:

• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painless swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin.
• Fatigue: Persistent and unexplained tiredness.
• Fever: Unexplained fevers, often intermittent.
• Night Sweats: Excessive sweating, particularly at night.
• Weight Loss: Unintended weight loss without a clear reason.
• Itchy Skin: Generalized itching or rash.
• Chest Pain or Cough: Persistent cough or chest pain if the lymphoma affects the chest.
• Abdominal Pain or Swelling: Discomfort or swelling in the abdomen.

How is Lymphoma Diagnosed?

Lymphoma is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies:

• Physical Exam: Checking for swollen lymph nodes and other signs of disease.
• Blood Tests: Checking for signs of lymphoma in the blood, such as abnormal levels of certain cells or chemicals.
• Imaging Tests: CT scans, PET scans, and MRI to locate and assess the spread of lymphoma.
• Lymph Node Biopsy: Removing a sample of lymph node tissue to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: Removing a sample of bone marrow to check for lymphoma cells.

What are the Common Treatments for Lymphoma?

Treatment for lymphoma depends on the type, stage, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Chemotherapy for Lymphoma?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is often the primary treatment for lymphoma and can be administered orally or intravenously. Treatment usually involves multiple cycles over a period of time.

What is Radiation Therapy for Lymphoma?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy, especially for localized lymphoma.

What is Immunotherapy for Lymphoma?

Immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It includes treatments like monoclonal antibodies, which specifically target lymphoma cells.

What is Targeted Therapy for Lymphoma?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target the genetic changes in lymphoma cells, minimizing damage to normal cells. These therapies are often used for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

What is a Bone Marrow Transplant for Lymphoma?

A bone marrow transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. This procedure is often used after high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

What are the Side Effects of Lymphoma Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Chemotherapy: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, increased risk of infection, and mouth sores.
• Radiation Therapy: Side effects can include skin irritation, fatigue, nausea, and effects on nearby organs.
• Immunotherapy: Side effects can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe immune-related reactions, such as inflammation in various organs.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and liver problems.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: Risks include infections, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and organ damage.

What is the Prognosis for Lymphoma Patients?

The prognosis for lymphoma patients depends on the type and stage of lymphoma, the patient’s age, overall health, and response to treatment. Many forms of lymphoma are highly treatable, and advances in treatment have significantly improved the prognosis for many patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are essential for managing lymphoma and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive lymphoma care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against lymphoma.