What Is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the uterus, which is the organ in a woman’s pelvis where a baby grows during pregnancy. There are two main types of uterine cancer:

• Endometrial Cancer: This is the most common type and begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.
• Uterine Sarcoma: This is a rarer form of uterine cancer that starts in the muscle or other tissues of the uterus.

Both types require medical attention and can be treated if detected early.

What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Cancer?

How Do I Know If I Have Uterine Cancer?

Symptoms of uterine cancer can vary, but common signs include:

• Unusual Vaginal Bleeding: Bleeding between periods or after menopause is a common sign.
• Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain or discomfort in the pelvic area.
• Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Discharge that is not normal for you, especially if it’s watery or blood-tinged.
• Pain During Intercourse: Pain when having sex may be a symptom.
• Frequent Urination: A need to urinate more often than usual.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor for an evaluation.

How Is Uterine Cancer Diagnosed?

What Tests Are Used to Diagnose Uterine Cancer?

To diagnose uterine cancer, doctors may use several tests, including:

• Pelvic Exam: The doctor checks the uterus, ovaries, and other organs for lumps or changes.
• Ultrasound: An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus and surrounding areas.
• Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken from the uterus lining to look for cancer cells.
• Hysteroscopy: A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the uterus to look for abnormalities.

These tests help determine if cancer is present and how advanced it might be.

What Are the Risk Factors for Uterine Cancer?

Who Is at Risk for Uterine Cancer?

Several factors can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer:

• Age: Most uterine cancers occur in women over 50.
• Obesity: Being overweight can increase hormone levels, which may raise the risk.
• Hormone Therapy: Using estrogen without progesterone can increase risk.
• Family History: Having family members with uterine or other related cancers can be a risk factor.
• No Pregnancies: Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk.
• Diabetes: This condition is linked to an increased risk of uterine cancer.

Understanding these risk factors can help you take steps to reduce your risk.

How Is Uterine Cancer Treated?

What Are the Treatment Options for Uterine Cancer?

Treatment for uterine cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: The most common treatment is removing the uterus, called a hysterectomy. Sometimes, the ovaries and fallopian tubes are also removed.
• Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It can be used before or after surgery.
• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used if cancer has spread.
• Hormone Therapy: Helps slow the growth of certain types of uterine cancer.

Doctors will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your situation.

What Are the Side Effects of Uterine Cancer Treatments?

What Should I Expect During Treatment?

Each treatment has its own side effects, and they vary from person to person:

• Surgery: May cause pain, infection, or changes in hormone levels, leading to menopause symptoms.
• Radiation Therapy: Can cause fatigue, skin changes, and bowel or bladder problems.
• Chemotherapy: Common side effects include nausea, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection.
• Hormone Therapy: May cause weight gain, hot flashes, and other menopausal symptoms.

Doctors and healthcare teams work to manage these side effects and support you through treatment.

What Is the Prognosis for Uterine Cancer?

What Is the Outlook for People with Uterine Cancer?

The prognosis for uterine cancer depends on several factors:

• Type and Stage of Cancer: Early-stage cancers have a better prognosis.
• Overall Health: General health and fitness can impact recovery.
• Response to Treatment: How well the cancer responds to treatment affects outcomes.

Many women with uterine cancer have a good prognosis, especially when diagnosed early and treated promptly.

How Can I Reduce My Risk of Uterine Cancer?

What Steps Can I Take to Lower My Risk?

While not all uterine cancers can be prevented, there are ways to lower your risk:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being active and eating a balanced diet can help.
• Use Birth Control Pills: Some studies suggest that using birth control pills for several years may lower the risk.
• Control Diabetes: Managing blood sugar levels can reduce risk.
• Discuss Hormone Therapy: Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of hormone therapy.
• Regular Check-Ups: Regular visits to your healthcare provider can help catch changes early.

Taking these steps can help you reduce your risk and catch any potential issues early.