What is Kidney Cancer?

Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, originates in the kidneys—two bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal organs. The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma, but other types include transitional cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor (primarily in children). Early detection is critical for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

What are the Symptoms of Kidney Cancer?

Symptoms of kidney cancer often do not appear in the early stages. As the cancer progresses, common symptoms may include:

• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Persistent pain in the side or back
• A lump or mass in the kidney area
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever not caused by an infection
• Loss of appetite
• Anemia

How is Kidney Cancer Diagnosed?

Kidney cancer is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies:

• Physical Exam: Checking for lumps or abnormalities in the abdominal area.
• Blood and Urine Tests: Checking for signs of cancer or other kidney-related issues.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, and sometimes PET scans to visualize the tumor and assess its spread.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.

What are the Common Treatments for Kidney Cancer?

Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type, stage, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Kidney Cancer?

Surgery is often the primary treatment for kidney cancer, aiming to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Types of surgery include:

• Partial Nephrectomy: Removal of the tumor and a small portion of surrounding healthy tissue.
• Radical Nephrectomy: Removal of the entire kidney, often along with surrounding structures such as the adrenal gland and lymph nodes.

What is Radiation Therapy for Kidney Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used to shrink tumors before surgery or to relieve symptoms in advanced cases.

How Does Chemotherapy Work for Kidney Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It is not commonly used for kidney cancer but may be employed if other treatments are not effective.

What is Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, minimizing damage to normal cells. These therapies are often used for advanced kidney cancer.

What is Immunotherapy for Kidney Cancer?

Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It can be particularly useful for advanced kidney cancer and includes drugs like checkpoint inhibitors.

What are the Side Effects of Kidney Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, bleeding, and complications related to kidney function.
• Radiation Therapy: Common side effects are fatigue, skin irritation, nausea, and effects on nearby organs.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and high blood pressure.
• Immunotherapy: Side effects can range from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe immune-related reactions, such as inflammation in various organs.

What is the Prognosis for Kidney Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for kidney cancer patients depends on the stage at diagnosis, the size and location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage kidney cancer has a better prognosis, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced kidney cancer can be more challenging to treat, but new therapies are continually improving outcomes. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial for managing kidney cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive kidney cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against kidney cancer.