What is Endocrine Cancer?

Endocrine cancer refers to cancers that develop in the glands of the endocrine system, which produces hormones regulating many body functions. Common types include thyroid cancer, adrenal cancer, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Early detection is critical for effective treatment.

What are the Symptoms of Endocrine Cancer?

Symptoms of endocrine cancer can vary depending on the gland affected. Common symptoms include:

• Thyroid Cancer: Lump in the neck, changes in voice, difficulty swallowing, neck pain, swollen lymph nodes.
• Adrenal Cancer: High blood pressure, weight gain, muscle weakness, hormonal imbalances.
• Neuroendocrine Tumors: Abdominal pain, jaundice, unexplained weight loss, nausea, vomiting, changes in blood sugar levels.

How is Endocrine Cancer Diagnosed?

Endocrine cancer is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies:

• Physical Exam: Checking for lumps or abnormalities in the affected gland.
• Blood Tests: Measuring hormone levels to detect abnormalities.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans to visualize the tumor and assess its spread.
• Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.

What are the Common Treatments for Endocrine Cancer?

Treatment for endocrine cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and patient preferences. Common treatments include:

What is Surgery for Endocrine Cancer?

Surgery is often the primary treatment for endocrine cancer, aiming to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Types of surgery include:

• Thyroidectomy: Removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.
• Adrenalectomy: Removal of one or both adrenal glands.
• Pancreatectomy: Removal of part or all of the pancreas.

What is Radiation Therapy for Endocrine Cancer?

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used before or after surgery to shrink tumors and kill any remaining cancer cells.

How Does Chemotherapy Work for Endocrine Cancer?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It is often used for advanced endocrine cancers that have spread beyond the original gland.

What is Targeted Therapy for Endocrine Cancer?

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cell mechanisms, minimizing damage to normal cells. It is often used for certain types of advanced endocrine cancers.

What is Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Endocrine Cancer?

Radioactive iodine therapy is specifically used for thyroid cancer. It involves taking radioactive iodine orally, which is absorbed by thyroid cells and destroys them, including cancerous cells.

What are the Side Effects of Endocrine Cancer Treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the treatment type and individual patient:

• Surgery: Risks include infection, bleeding, and complications related to hormone production.
• Radiation Therapy: Common side effects are fatigue, skin irritation, and effects on nearby organs.
• Chemotherapy: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.
• Targeted Therapy: Potential side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and liver problems.
• Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Side effects can include dry mouth, changes in taste, and neck pain.

What is the Prognosis for Endocrine Cancer Patients?

The prognosis for endocrine cancer patients depends on the type and stage at diagnosis, the size and location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage endocrine cancers generally have a better prognosis, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced endocrine cancers can be more challenging to treat, but new therapies are continually improving outcomes. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are crucial for managing endocrine cancer and detecting any recurrence early.

For comprehensive endocrine cancer care, schedule an appointment with New England Cancer Specialists. Early detection and advanced treatment options are your best allies in the fight against endocrine cancer.